Salud familiar en tiempos de pandemia / Family health in times of pandemic

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The influence of the multimedia and modality principles on the learning outcomes, satisfaction, and mental effort of college students with and without dyslexia.

The purpose of this study was to examine the application of the multimedia and modality principles on cued-recall, recognition, and mental effort of college students with and without dyslexia. The study used a Multimedia (Image Present vs. Image Absent) × Modality (Narration vs. Onscreen Text) × Dyslexia (Dyslexia vs. Non-Dyslexia) 3-way factorial design with each independent variable serving as a between-subject condition. A total of N = 148 participants (73 with dyslexia and 75 without dyslexia) were recruited from five different institutions of higher education in the Southeastern United States and systematically assigned to one of four multimedia learning conditions. After assessing our data for statistical assumptions, we employed factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) models on each dependent measure. Our findings show a reverse modality effect for students with dyslexia who performed better than their peers without dyslexia in Onscreen Text conditions. Although performance was better across groups and conditions when images were present, there were no significant interactions related to the multimedia condition. Similarly, there were no significant interactions related to mental effort even though learners with dyslexia exhibited high instructional efficiency in the Onscreen Text-Image Present condition while learners without dyslexia exhibited low task involvement in the Onscreen Text-Image Absent condition. Our results provide theoretical implications and important avenues for future research and practice as related to how multimedia learning influences students with dyslexia. We also suggest studies that could inform the eventual design of adaptive and personalized multimedia learning solutions for learners with dyslexia.

Interval-Based Least Squares for Uncertainty-Aware Learning in Human-Centric Multimedia Systems.

Machine learning (ML) methods are popular in several application areas of multimedia signal processing. However, most existing solutions in the said area, including the popular least squares, rely on penalizing predictions that deviate from the target ground-truth values. In other words, uncertainty in the ground-truth data is simply ignored. As a result, optimization and validation overemphasize a single-target value when, in fact, human subjects themselves did not unanimously agree to it. This leads to an unreasonable scenario where the trained model is not allowed the benefit of the doubt in terms of prediction accuracy. The problem becomes even more significant in the context of more recent human-centric and immersive multimedia systems where user feedback and interaction are influenced by higher degrees of freedom (leading to higher levels of uncertainty in the ground truth). To ameliorate this drawback, we propose an uncertainty aware loss function (referred to as [Formula: see text]) that explicitly accounts for data uncertainty and is useful for both optimization (training) and validation. As examples, we demonstrate the utility of the proposed method for blind estimation of perceptual quality of audiovisual signals, panoramic images, and images affected by camera-induced distortions. The experimental results support the theoretical ideas in terms of reducing prediction errors. The proposed method is also relevant in the context of more recent paradigms, such as crowdsourcing, where larger uncertainty in ground truth is expected.

Bridging multimedia heterogeneity gap via Graph Representation Learning for cross-modal retrieval.

Information retrieval among different modalities becomes a significant issue with many promising applications. However, inconsistent feature representation of various multimedia data causes the "heterogeneity gap" among various modalities, which is a challenge in cross-modal retrieval. For bridging the "heterogeneity gap," the popular methods attempt to project the original data into a common representation space, which needs great fitting ability of the model. To address the above issue, we propose a novel Graph Representation Learning (GRL) method for bridging the heterogeneity gap, which does not project the original feature into an aligned representation space but adopts a cross-modal graph to link different modalities. The GRL approach consists of two subnetworks, Feature Transfer Learning Network (FTLN) and Graph Representation Learning Network (GRLN). Firstly, FTLN model finds a latent space for each modality, where the cosine similarity is suitable to describe their similarity. Then, we build a cross-modal graph to reconstruct the original data and their relationships. Finally, we abandon the features in the latent space and turn into embedding the graph vertexes into a common representation space directly. During the process, the proposed Graph Representation Learning method bypasses the most challenging issue by utilizing a cross-modal graph as a bridge to link the "heterogeneity gap" among different modalities. This attempt utilizes a cross-modal graph as an intermediary agent to bridge the "heterogeneity gap" in cross-modal retrieval, which is simple but effective. Extensive experiment results on six widely-used datasets indicate that the proposed GRL outperforms other state-of-the-art cross-modal retrieval methods.

Multimedia educativa sobre Metodología de la Investigación y Estadísticas para residentes de las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas / Educational multimedia on Research Methodology and Statistics for residents of medical and stomatological specialties

Introducción: el educando de posgrado en las especialidades de ciencias médicas, debe profundizar en los métodos de investigación, elevar la efectividad de su labor y garantizar nuevos conocimientos. Objetivo: elaborar una multimedia educativa que permita fortalecer los conocimientos de metodología de la investigación y estadística en residentes de las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas del municipio Baracoa. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Baracoa desde el año 2016 hasta el año 2018. La multimedia educativa fue creada con la herramienta Crheasoft v3.02, la utilización del Adobe Photoshop v6.0 y el CyberLink Power Director v6.0. Para la evaluación de los indicadores de diseño informático se conformó un comité de especialistas a los cuales se les aplicó una escala Likert. Resultados: la multimedia educativa aborda el contenido sobre metodología de la investigación y estadística. En este se combinan textos, imágenes, sonidos, animaciones y videos en un mismo entorno. Los indicadores de diseño informático obtuvieron elevadas calificaciones lo que evidencia la concordancia de criterios entre los expertos. Conclusiones: el producto informático obtenido es útil para generar aprendizajes con respecto al tema que aborda, propicia la explotación de la computadora de manera eficiente y se potencia el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en la enseñanza del posgrado(AU)

Introduction: postgraduate students in medical science specialties must delve into research methods, increase the effectiveness of their work and guarantee new knowledge. Objective: to develop an educational multimedia that allows strengthening the knowledge of research methodology and statistics in residents of the medical and stomatological specialties of the Baracoa municipality. Methods: a technological development investigation was carried out at the Baracoa Medical Sciences Branch from 2016 to 2018. The educational multimedia was created with the Crheasoft v3.02 tool, using Adobe Photoshop v6.0 and CyberLink Power Director v6.0. For the evaluation of the computer design indicators, a committee of specialists was formed to which a Likert scale was applied. Results: the educational multimedia addresses the content on research methodology and statistics. In this, texts, images, sounds, animations and videos are combined in the same environment. The computer design indicators obtained high scores, which shows the agreement of criteria among the experts. Conclusions: the obtained computer product is useful to generate learning regarding the subject it addresses, it promotes the exploitation of the computer in an efficient way and the use of information and communication technologies is promoted in postgraduate teaching(EU)

How to keep medical preceptors effectively motivated in a web-learning environment? An overview / ¿Cómo mantener a los preceptores médicos motivados de manera efectiva en un entorno de aprendizaje en la web? Una visión general

Distance learning has strengthened medical education, especially in geographically extensive regions. Despite the many characteristics of these web-based resources, the motivation of students to perform effectively in virtual educational programs remains a challenge

La educación a distancia ha permitido potenciar la educación médica, especialmente en regiones geográficas más extensas. A pesar de la gran cantidad de propiedades de los recursos Web, los aspectos motivacionales de los alumnos para un desempeño efectivo en los programas de educación virtual siguen siendo un desafío

Punch up your podium presentations.

The goal of most presentations is to engage audience participants. Effective presenters go beyond content expertise to connect with audiences through various techniques, formats, and presentation styles. Mayer's theory of multimedia learning, neurocognitive factors, and the assertion-evidence approach are essential elements that presenters can use if they have not had formal training in creating presentations. Tips are offered on how to connect with the audience and how to avoid known pitfalls.

Adicciones a nuevas tecnologías en adolescentes y jóvenes / Addiction to new technologies in adolescents and young people

Objetivo: revisar el estado actual del conocimiento científico sobre la adicción y/o el uso abusivo de nuevas tecnologías por parte de adolescentes y jóvenes para describir y analizar los peligros que ello supone, así como mostrar el papel del profesional enfermero en la orientación psicoafectiva de los afectados por esta adicción. Método: revisión narrativa de la literatura. Las bases de datos y otros recursos web utilizados fueron Medline, SSCI, PsycInfo, CINAHL y CUIDEN, así como diversos portales de instituciones en el ámbito sanitario. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre 2006 y 2016, en castellano y en inglés, con los términos DeCS referenciados como «adolescente»; «ansiedad»; «conducta adictiva»; «multimedia», y que su lectura aportase información al tema de estudio. Resultados: se seleccionaron un total de 26 artículos. La televisión es la tecnología que genera mayor percepción del problema en los menores. En cuanto a posibles síntomas de adicción, se constató que las nuevas tecnologías generan conductas similares a las consideradas características en las adicciones establecidas. Entre ellas destaca la relajación producida por el uso o el malestar si no puede utilizarse. Se evidenció la presencia de otros comportamientos relativamente frecuentes exclusivos de este tipo de tecnologías, como la comprobación constante del teléfono móvil. Conclusiones: la aplicación de métodos psicoeducativos, con metodología de educación grupal, puede ser una herramienta útil para enfrentarse a la incertidumbre presente en los adolescentes con trastornos de conductas adictivas a las nuevas tecnologías. Aquí adquiere importancia el rol de los profesionales enfermeros, evidenciado por diferentes estudios en el tratamiento a este tipo de adicciones (AU)

Objectives: to review the current situation of scientific knowledge on addiction and/or abuse of new technologies by adolescents and young persons, in order to describe and analyze the dangers entailed, as well as to show the role of the nursing professional in psychoaffective orientation for those suffering this addiction. Method: a narrative review of literature. The following databases and other web resources were used: Medline, SSCI, PsycInfo, CINAHL and CUIDEN, as well as different websites by healthcare institutions. There was a selection of articles published between 2006 and 2016, in Spanish and in English, with the DeCS terms referenced as: «adolescente/adolescent»; «ansiedad/anxiety»; «conducta adictiva/addictive behaviour»; «multimedia», and which contributed information to the subject of the study. Results: in total, 27 articles were selected. Television is the technology that generates a higher perception of the problem in minors. In terms of potential addiction symptoms, it was confirmed that new technologies generate behaviours similar to those considered characteristic of established addictions. A behaviour that stands out is the relaxation caused by use, or the discomfort if it cannot be used. The presence of other behaviours relatively frequent was confirmed, which are exclusive to this type of technologies, such as constantly checking their mobile phone. Conclusions: the implementation of psychoeducational methods, with a group education methodology, can be a useful tool in order to face the uncertainty present in adolescents with behaviour disorders of addiction to new technologies. The role of nursing professional becomes important here, as demonstrated by different studies on the treatment for this type of addictions (AU)

"The Florence Experience": A multimedia and multisensory guidebook for cultural towns inspired by Universal Design approach.

BACKGROUND: In order to plan a trip, tourists with disabilities need to gather and analyse a broad range of information concerning the features of the places and services with which they are going to interact. For these people, guidebooks may represent an important source of information for gaining prior knowledge about the various critical situations they may experience as tourists. Generally, disabled people find tourist information on dedicated communication tools; guidebooks for the disabled often provide information for wheelchair users only. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research project was to develop a mainstream guidebook with supplementary tourist information both for people with impaired vision and for people with reduced mobility. METHODS: The communication project behind "The Florence Experience" guidebook is inspired by both the Universal Design approach and the Performance Design approach. This article describes a case study and provides suggestions for planning in similar situations. It is also part of a broader research project relating to the communication about urban spaces accessibility. RESULTS: The main outcome of the research project is a multimedia and multisensory bilingual guidebook (in Italian and English) that provides information in four separate coordinated forms: a paper-based guidebook, web pages, MP3 audio files, and portable tactile maps. CONCLUSIONS: Creating a guidebook for all is a tough challenge that requires a highly articulated vision and the cooperation of different fields of knowledge and skills. Despite the limits described in the paper, "The Florence Experience" guidebook is, in our opinion, a considerable step forward with respect to the majority of available guidebooks both because it is a unique information tool for disabled and non-disabled people and because, unlike the majority of the guidebooks for disabled people, it does not only consider the needs of wheelchair users.

Multimedia para profesores y estudiantes de 5to año de medicina: asignatura Salud Pública / Multimedia for fifth year medicine professors and students: public health subject

Fundamento: tomando en consideración las potencialidades del uso de las tecnologías de la información, es necesario que cada docente desarrolle métodos de trabajo donde el empleo de la computadora sea un fuerte aliado que le permita mejorar los medios y métodos de enseñanza para ganar en la calidad del aprendizaje. Objetivo: elaborar una multimedia como medio de apoyo a profesores y estudiantes de 5to año de medicina en la asignatura de Salud Pública. Métodos: se realizó una multimedia partiendo del software Creasoft 2.1 creado por un grupo de informáticos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín. Se concibieron los fundamentos del proyecto para la introducción de documentos, imágenes y videos construidos en función del programa de la asignatura Salud Pública. Para decidir el contenido del software se realizó revisión documental y trabajo en grupo de expertos. Resultados: la multimedia funciona de manera que estudiantes y profesores pueden acceder al software y los semestres validados para su utilización según el programa de la asignatura, están disponibles ejercicios por temas, se accede a videos instructivos, educativos y orientadores de los diferentes contenidos, la literatura es actualizada, cuenta con los programas de salud, acciones de control de foco en enfermedades transmisibles y otros documentos para la preparación de profesores y de estudiantes del 5to año de Medicina. Conclusiones: la multimedia creada debe contribuir a elevar la calidad de la enseñanza pues este medio se ha presentado en el momento y condiciones oportunas, combinados adecuadamente en función del cumplimiento de los objetivos(AU)

Background: taking into consideration the potentialities of the use of information technologies, it is necessary for each teacher to develop methods of work where the use of the computer is a strong ally that permit improving the aids and teaching methods to win the quality of learning. Objective: elaborating a multimedia to support the fifth year Medicine teacher and students in Public Health subject.Methods: a multimedia was created departing from the software Creasoft 2, 1 created by a group of information-technology of Medical Sciences of Holguin. The foundations of the project for the introduction of documents, imagery and videos constructed in terms of the program of Public Health subject were created. Documentary revision and work in group of experts was accomplished in order to decide the contents of the software. Results: the multimedia works so that the students and professors can agree to the software and semesters validated for its utilization according to the program of the subject of study, exercises for themes are available, it is accessed to instructive, educational and counsellors videos of different contents, the literature is updated, counts with the health programs, actions of control of focus in transmissible diseases and other documents for fifth year Medicine professor and students. Conclusions: the created multimedia must contribute to elevate the quality of teaching because this means has been presented at the time and opportune conditions, adequately combined in terms of the fulfilment of the objectives(AU)

'Tech' versus 'talk': a comparison study of two different lecture styles within a Master of Science nurse practitioner course.

BACKGROUND: Generation Y students have a strong preference for technology that has caused educators to re-evaluate their instructional techniques. Limited published literature exists evaluating the benefits of electronic lecture delivery to students enrolled within nursing degree programs, with no publications to date comparing traditional to blended learning modalities. OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively compare student outcomes, including overall course grade and individual examination scores, between two cohorts of students utilizing two distinctly different methods of lecture delivery, traditional and blended. METHODS: IRB approval was granted to retrospectively compare student outcomes from fifty-two students enrolled within Northeastern University's Master of Science Nurse Practitioner degree program. A total of 23 students were enrolled in the traditional section taught in 2010 and 29 students were enrolled in the blended section taught in 2011. Student'st-test was used to compare studied outcomes between each section. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The students enrolled within blended course scored statistically significantly higher than their counterparts within the traditional course for three of the four studied outcomes, including overall course score. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that nursing students enrolled within a more technologically advanced course may have improved performance over students enrolled in courses with traditional lecture styles given their generational preferences for learning.

Realidade virtual para saúde no Brasil: conceitos, desafios e oportunidades / Virtual reality for health care in Brazil: concepts, challenges and opportunities

A Realidade Virtual é uma área tipicamente multidisciplinar que envolve conceitos provenientes das Engenharias, Computação, Física, Artes e também da área específica da aplicação à qual ela se destina. Por permitir uma interação humano-computador mais natural em ambiente tridimensional (3D) e possibilitar a reprodução de situações reais, torna-se um recurso de amplo potencial para a área da saúde. Este artigo aborda conceitos, desafios e oportunidades de aplicações de Realidade Virtual na área de saúde no Brasil, apresentando um estudo sobre as pesquisas na área e aplicações desenvolvidas. A análise da situação atual mostra que há vários grupos brasileiros de pesquisa desenvolvendo aplicações com grande diversidade de assuntos, contemplando principalmente as áreas de treinamento e educação. A partir da análise conduzida, verifica-se que ainda há vários desafios a serem superados a fim de que as aplicações de Realidade Virtual sejam incluídas na rotina dos profissionais da área de saúde. Se por um lado tais desafios retardam o uso efetivo desta tecnologia na prática, por outro constituem oportunidades ímpares de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, conforme é destacado na conclusão deste artigo.

Virtual Reality (VR) is a typically multidisciplinary field which involves concepts from Engineering, Computer Science, Physics, Arts as well as concepts from the specific application field. Because VR allows a more natural human-computer interaction in three-dimensional environments and enables the reproduction of real situations, it becomes a resource of wide potential for healthcare field. This paper discusses concepts, challenges and opportunities of Virtual Reality applications for healthcare in Brazil, by presenting a study about researches in the area and developed applications. The analysis of the current situation shows that there are various Brazilian research groups developing applications considering great diversity of subjects, covering mainly training and education area. This analysis shows that there are still many challenges to be overcome so that applications using Virtual Reality can be included in the routine of healthcare professionals. On one hand these challenges hinder the effective use of technology in  practice, on the other they open new opportunities for research and development,   as is highlighted in the conclusion of this paper.

A multimedia approach for teaching human embryology: Development and evaluation of a methodology.

Human embryology requires students to understand the simultaneous changes in embryos, but students find it difficult to grasp the concepts presented and to visualise the related processes in three dimensions. The aims of this study have been to develop and evaluate new educational materials and a teaching methodology based on multimedia approaches to improve the comprehension of human development. The materials developed at the State University of Campinas include clinical histories, movies, animations, and ultrasound, as well as autopsy images from embryos and foetuses. The series of embryology lectures were divided into two parts. The first part of the series addressed the development of the body's structures, while in the second part, clinical history and the corresponding materials were shown to the students, who were encouraged to discuss the malformations. The teaching materials were made available on software used by the students in classes. At the end of the discipline, the material and methodology were evaluated with an attitudinal instrument, interviews, and knowledge examination. The response rate to the attitudinal instrument was 95.35%, and the response rate to the interview was 46%. The students approved of the materials and the teaching methodology (reliability of the attitudinal instrument was 0.9057). The exams showed that most students scored above 6.0. A multimedia approach proved useful for solving an important problem associated with teaching methods in many medical institutions: the lack of integration between basic sciences and clinical disciplines.

Desarrollo de un juego como herramienta multimedia de aprendizaje y evaluación / Development of a game as a learning and Evaluation method

El empleo de recursos multimedia fomenta la curiosidad científica y apoya y refuerza el proceso deaprendizaje y evaluación. Necesitamos fomentar la capacidad del alumno para trabajar en equipo ycompartir conocimientos y su participación en el desarrollo de la práctica docente. En este sentido ungrupo de profesores de la Universidad de Granada estamos diseñando un programa de software libre,basado en un juego didáctico, el trivial, que sirva de herramienta multimedia para el aprendizaje y laevaluación del alumno. El sistema permite al profesor definir la composición de los equipos y las partidasque éstos pueden jugar.Este proyecto está financiado por la Unidad de Innovación Docente de la Universidad de Granada y está deacuerdo con la política de utilización de software libre de la UGR. Asimismo, de acuerdo con dicha política,estamos valorando liberar el software desarrollado(AU)

The use of multimedia tools improves scientific curiosity, provides support and reinforces the process oflearning and evaluation at the classroom. It is very important to estimulate some student’s skills as theircapacity to working in group, their ability of to share knowledgement as well as their participation throughthe process of the teaching-learning process. According to the above mentioned issues, a team of proffesorsat the University of Granada are developping a free software based tool. The software, inspired in thepopular game “Trivial PursuitTM” would help as a multimedia tool for the learning and evaluation of thestudent. The system allows the teacher to define team composition and the games to be played(AU)

Podcasts and videostreaming: Useful tools to facilitate learning of pathophysiology in undergraduate nurse education?

Nurses require an understanding of pathophysiological processes to support safe practice in the clinical area. A review of the literature indicates that nursing students have traditionally found this to be a challenging element of the course. The increasing availability of newer technology in higher education such as videostreaming and podcasting provides the opportunity to utilise a variety of approaches to cater for a wider range of learning styles. In view of this, lecturers developed multimedia resources to incorporate into a pathophysiology module. An evaluation of students' views on the use of ICT to facilitate understanding of pathophysiology was undertaken. The majority of students appeared to welcome the incorporation of alternative teaching approaches into the module. Interestingly despite the opportunities which technology offers to enhance learning many of the students also highlighted the importance of maintaining significant face-to-face contact with lecturers. This supports the findings of the literature which indicates that students find hybrid learning strategies that combine traditional teaching with more innovative methods particularly beneficial.

Medical multimedia retrieval 2.0.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to provide an overview of current trends in medical multimedia retrieval. This state of the art is then compared with trends and techniques in the Web 2.0 field that addresses several of the problems of current multimedia retrieval and may help in solving them. METHODS: The article uses a review of the current literature on medical imaging and medical multimedia retrieval from the Pubmed and Google scholar literature search engines. Other sources include popular Web 2.0 web pages and articles on Web 2.0 describing the main concepts of these technologies in the medical domain. RESULTS: Web 2.0 has significantly changed the way we interact with the Internet and has created an important added-value by promoting activities of users and interactions between users. In the medical field, there are many examples of adoption of these methods and multimedia retrieval can play an important role in this field by supplying the right data at the right time. CONCLUSIONS: Medical multimedia retrieval still has a long way to go to become an everyday tool in the medical field and in clinical practice. Still, when reusing and linking much of the electronic patient record's data, image retrieval can be a technology to help extract important knowledge and navigate through the large amounts of data. Key challenges for more widespread adoption of these technologies involve legal rules for secondary use of medical data because currently only very few image data sets with ground truth have been made available.

IMS: a new technology to develop a telemedicine system.

The emergent IMS (Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem) technology appears to improve the current communication technologies. Its characteristics, such as Quality of Service (QoS), make it an advantageous system for innovative applications. Providing integrated services to users is one of the main reasons for the existence of IMS. Operators provide the technology as an open source, to be able to use services developed by researchers. Combining and integrating them, users will receive completely new services. Our proposal of use for IMS is the development of a telemedicine platform, designed to support not only remote biological signal monitoring, but value-added services for diagnosis and medical care, both of these working in real time.